作者身份与版权¶
Strings Metadata¶
This will be the last chapter and step to mark your digital library with authorship, ownership and copyright or left information. More than in ‘the good(?) old days’ of paper copies, the ubiquitous Internet makes it just too easy to ‘steal’ a picture from a web site. At the very least, for all images that will be exported and/or published in any form, the authorship and copyright information should be part of their metadata.
Nothing more simple to do with digiKam: you can setup the default identity, and any images ingested be digiKam will be automatically informed. We put copyleft in the title for a reason:
Copyleft is a play on the word copyright and is the practice of using copyright law to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work for others and requiring that the same freedoms be preserved in modified versions.
Copyleft is a form of licensing and may be used to modify copyrights for works such as … music, and art. In general, copyright law allows an author to prohibit others from reproducing, adapting, or distributing copies of the author’s work. In contrast, an author may, through a copyleft licensing scheme, give every person who receives a copy of a work permission to reproduce, adapt or distribute the work as long as any resulting copies or adaptations are also bound by the same copyleft licensing scheme. A widely used and originating copyleft license is the GNU General Public License. Similar licenses are available through Creative Commons - called Share-alike.
The digiKam Template Metadata Settings Panel¶
And here follows a description of what should be supplied to digiKam’s setup page as information:
Author (synonymous with Creator and By-line): This field should contain your name, or the name of the person who created the photograph. If it is not appropriate to add the name of the photographer (for example, if the identity of the photographer needs to be protected) the name of a company or organization can also be used. Once saved, this field should not be changed by anyone. This field does not support the use of commas or semi-colons as separator.
Author title (synonymous with By-line title): Linked to Author. This field should contain the job title of the photographer. Examples might include titles such as: Staff Photographer, Freelance Photographer, or Independent Commercial Photographer. Since this is a qualifier for the Author field, the Author field must also be filled out.
Credit (synonymous to Provider): Use the Provider field to identify who is providing the photograph. This does not necessarily have to be the author. If a photographer is working for a news agency such as Reuters or the Associated Press, these organizations could be listed here as they are ‘providing’ the image for use by others. If the image is a stock photograph, then the group (agency) involved in supplying the image should be listed here.
Source: The Source field should be used to identify the original owner or copyright holder of the photograph. The value of this field should never be changed after the information is entered following the image’s creation. You should consider this to be a write-once field. The source could be an individual, an agency, or a member of an agency. To aid in later searches, We suggest to separate any slashes ‘/’ with a blank space. Use the form ‘photographer / agency’ rather than ‘photographer/agency.’ Source may also be different from Creator and from the names listed in the Copyright Notice.
Copyright Notice: The Copyright Notice should contain any necessary copyright notice for claiming the intellectual property, and should identify the current owner(s) of the copyright for the photograph. Usually, this would be the photographer, but if the image was done by an employee or as work-for-hire, then the agency or company should be listed. Use the form appropriate to your country. For the United States you would typically follow the form of © {date of first publication} name of copyright owner, as in ‘copr 2005 John Doe.’ The word ‘copyright’ or the abbreviation ‘copr’ shall be used in place of the (c) symbol as ASCII characters only are allowed. In some foreign countries only the copyright symbol is recognized and the abbreviation does not work. Using something like (c) where the parentheses form a partial circle is not sufficient. For additional protection worldwide, use of the phrase, ‘all rights reserved’ following the notice above is encouraged. In Europe you would use: Copyright {Year} {copyright owner}, all rights reserved. In Japan, for maximum protection, the following three items should appear in the copyright field of the IPTC Core: (a) the word, Copyright; (b) year of the first publication; and (c) name of the author. You may also wish to include the phrase all rights reserved.
Whereas it is paramount to fill-in the author and copyright sections, they represent no protection against fraud. Anyone with a bit more than basic computer knowledge is able to delete or modify image embedded metadata. The solution to this problem is called digital watermarking. To private persons this might be of little interest for the majority of photographs, but for professionals ans semi-professionals this protection is really important.
The digiKam Copyrights View From Metadata Editor¶
Digital Watermarking¶
Digital Watermarking refers to an invisible digital watermark that is being impressed on photographs as an element of Digital Rights Management (DRM). The watermark contains the same information of authorship and copyright as described above, but the metadata is encrypted and saved in the actual image data (as opposed to the metadata section which is a separate section within the image file).
This invisible imprint has holographic properties so that modifications done to an image (size, color, crop, up to a certain limit) will not destroy the copyright information. Only when an image is resized to a very small fraction like a thumbnail will the embedded information be lost, but then the image is of no value anymore to the copyright infringing party. The digital watermark will be unique per image.